To add a standard TCP/IP port for printer

1. Open Printers and Faxes.
   
2. Double-click Add Printer to open the Add Printer Wizard, and then click Next.
   
3. Click Local printer attached to this computer, clear the Automatically detect and install my Plug and Play printer check box, and then click Next.
   
4. Click Create a new port, and then click Standard TCP/IP Port.
   
5. Click Next to run the Add Standard TCP/IP Printer Port Wizard.
   
6. Follow the instructions on the screen to finish installing the TCP/IP printer.
   

Notes

• To open Printers and Faxes, click Start, and then click Printers and Faxes.
  
• Most network printers support the TCP/IP protocol. The standard TCP/IP port simplifies connecting to remote printers using the TCP/IP protocol. A computer that acts as a print server must run the TCP/IP protocol in order to print.
  
• You can also add ports using the Print Server Properties dialog box. For more information, click Related Topics.
  

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SELECT - SQL Command

Retrieves data from one or more tables. The SELECT SQL command is built into Visual FoxPro like any other Visual FoxPro command. When you use SELECT to pose a query, Visual FoxPro interprets the query and retrieves the specified data from the tables. You can create a SELECT query from within the following:

• Command window
• Visual FoxPro program as with any other Visual FoxPro command
• Query Designer

SELECT [ALL | DISTINCT] [TOP nExpr [PERCENT]] [Alias.] Select_Item 
   [[AS] Column_Name] [, [Alias.] Select_Item [[AS] Column_Name] ...] 
   FROM [FORCE] [DatabaseName!] Table [[AS] Local_Alias] 
   [ [INNER | LEFT [OUTER] | RIGHT [OUTER] | FULL [OUTER] JOIN DatabaseName!] 
      Table [[AS] Local_Alias] [ON JoinCondition ...]
      [[INTO Destination] | [TO FILE FileName [ADDITIVE] | TO PRINTER [PROMPT] | TO SCREEN]] 
      [PREFERENCE PreferenceName] [NOCONSOLE] [PLAIN] [NOWAIT]
      [WHERE JoinCondition [AND JoinCondition ...] [AND | OR FilterCondition [AND | OR FilterCondition ...]]]
   [GROUP BY GroupColumn [, GroupColumn ...]] [HAVING FilterCondition] [UNION [ALL] SELECTCommand] 
   [ORDER BY Order_Item [ASC | DESC] [, Order_Item [ASC | DESC] ...]]

Parameters

SELECT

Specifies the fields, constants, and expressions displayed in the query results.

ALL

Displays all the rows in the query results by default.

DISTINCT

Excludes duplicates of any rows from the query results. You can use DISTINCT only once per SELECT clause.

Visual FoxPro does not support using the DISTINCT clause in a SQL SELECT statement that contains memo or general fields. Instead, you can wrap a Memo field expression inside a function such as PADR( ) orALLTRIM( ). For more information, see PADL( ) | PADR( ) | PADC( ) Functions and ALLTRIM( ) Function.

TOP nExpr [PERCENT]

Specifies the query result contain a specific number of rows or a percentage of rows of the query result. You can specify from 1 to 32,767 rows. If you include the PERCENT option, permissible values for nExpr are 0.01 to 99.99. When you include the PERCENT option, the number of rows returned in the result is rounded up to the next highest integer.

Rows with identical values for the columns specified in the ORDER BY clause are included in the query result. Therefore, if you specify 10 for nExpr, the query result can contain more than 10 rows if there are more than 10 rows with identical values for the columns specified in the ORDER BY clause.

When you include the TOP clause, you must include an ORDER BY clause. The ORDER BY clause specifies the columns on which the TOP clause determines the number of rows to include in the query result.

[Alias.] Select_Item

Qualifies matching item names. Select_Item specifies an item to be included in the query results. An item can be one of the following:

• The name of a field from a table in the FROM clause.
• A constant specifying that the same constant value appears in every row of the query results.
• An expression that can be the name of a user-defined function.

For more information about using user-defined functions, see User-Defined Functions with SELECT in the Remarks section.

Each item you specify with Select_Item generates one column of the query results.

If two or more items have the same name, include the table alias and a period before the item name to prevent columns from being duplicated.

[AS] Column_Name

Specifies the heading for a column in the query output. Column_Name can be an expression but cannot contain characters that are not permitted, for example, spaces, in table field names.

This option is useful when Select_Item is an expression or contains a field function and you want to give the column a meaningful name.

FROM [FORCE] DatabaseName!

Lists the tables containing the data that the query retrieves.

FORCE specifies that tables are joined in the order in which they appear in the FROM clause. If FORCE is omitted, Visual FoxPro attempts to optimize the query. However, the query might be executed faster by including the FORCE keyword to disable the Visual FoxPro query optimization.

DatabaseName! specifies the name of a non-current database containing the table. You must include the name of database containing the table if the database is not the current database. Include the exclamation point (!) delimiter after the database name and before the table name.

[[AS] Local_Alias]

Specifies a temporary name for the table named in Table. If you specify a local alias, you must use the local alias in place of the table name throughout the SELECT statement.

INNER JOIN specifies that the query result contain only rows from a table that match one or more rows in another table.

LEFT [OUTER] JOIN specifies that the query result contains all rows from the table to the left of the JOINkeyword and only matching rows from the table to the right of the JOIN keyword. The OUTER keyword is optional; you can include it to emphasize that an outer join is created.

RIGHT [OUTER] JOIN specifies that the query result contain all rows from the table to the right of the JOINkeyword and only matching rows from the table to the left of the JOIN keyword. The OUTER keyword is optional; it can be included to emphasize that an outer join is created.

FULL [OUTER] JOIN specifies that the query result contain all matching and nonmatching rows from both tables. The OUTER keyword is optional; you can include it to emphasize that an outer join is created.

For more information about joins, see Joins in the Remarks section.

ON JoinCondition specifies the conditions for which the tables are joined.

INTO Destination

Specifies where to store the query results. Destination can be one of the following clauses:

• ARRAY ArrayName stores query results in a memory variable array.
  The array is not created if the query selects 0 records.
• CURSOR CursorName [NOFILTER | READWRITE] stores query results in a cursor.
  To create a cursor that can be used in subsequent queries, use NOFILTER. For more information aboutNOFILTER, see the Remarks section.
  To specify that the cursor is temporary and modifiable, use READWRITE. If the source table or tables use autoincrementing, the settings are not inherited by the READWRITE cursor.
• DBF | TABLE TableName [DATABASE DatabaseName [NAME LongTableName]] stores query results in a table.
  To specify a database to which the table is added, include DATABASE DatabaseName.
  To specify a long name for the table, include NAME LongTableName. Long names can contain up to 128 characters and can be used in place of short file names in the database.

If you do not include the INTO clause, query results are displayed in a Browse window. You can also use theTO FILE clause to direct the query results to the printer or a file.

TO FILE FileName [ADDITIVE] | TO PRINTER [PROMPT] | TO SCREEN

Directs the query results to the printer or a file.

ADDITIVE appends query output to the existing contents of the text file specified in TO FILE FileName.

TO PRINTER directs query output to a printer. To display a dialog box before printing starts, use the PROMPTclause immediately after TO PRINTER. You can adjust printer settings in the dialog box. The printer settings that you can adjust depend on the currently installed printer driver.

TO SCREEN directs query output to the main Visual FoxPro window or to an active user-defined window.

PREFERENCE PreferenceName

Saves the attributes and options of the Browse window for later use, if query results are sent to a Browse window. For more information about how PREFERENCE functions, see the Remarks section.

NOCONSOLE

Prevents display of query results sent to a file, the printer, or the main Visual FoxPro window.

PLAIN

Prevents column headings from appearing in the query output that is displayed. You can use PLAIN whether or not a TO clause is present. If an INTO clause is included, PLAIN is ignored.

NOWAIT

Continues program execution after the Browse window is opened and query results are directed to it. The program does not wait for the Browse window to close but continues execution on the program line immediately following the SELECT statement. For an explanation of how you can use NOWAIT, see the Remarks section.

WHERE JoinCondition

Specifies that Visual FoxPro include only records in the query results that meet specified criteria. JoinConditionspecifies fields that link the tables in the FROM clause. For more information about specifying join conditions, see the Remarks section.

WHERE supports the ESCAPE operator for JoinCondition, making it possible for you to perform meaningful queries on data containing the SELECT SQL command percent (%) and underscore (_) wildcard characters.ESCAPE allows you to specify that a SELECT SQL command wildcard character be treated as a literal character. In the ESCAPE clause, you specify a character which, when placed immediately before the wildcard character, indicates that the wildcard character be treated as a literal character.

FilterCondition

Specifies the criteria that records must meet to be included in the query results. You can include as many filter conditions as you like in a query and connect them with the AND or OR operator. To reverse the value of a logical expression, use the NOT operator. To check for an empty field, use the EMPTY( ) function.

The SELECT SQL command supports "<field> IS / IS NOT NULL" in the filter condition. To learn how to use theFilterCondition, see the Examples section.

GROUP BY GroupColumn [, GroupColumn ...]

Groups rows in the query based on values in one or more columns. GroupColumn can be the name of a regular table field, a field that includes an SQL field function, or a numeric expression indicating the location of the column in the result table. The leftmost column number is 1.

HAVING FilterCondition

Specifies a filter condition that groups must meet to be included in the query results. The HAVING clause can include as many filter conditions as you like, connected with the AND or OR operators. To reverse the value of a logical expression, use NOT. You can use local aliases and field functions in the HAVING clause. For more information on the field functions you can use, see the Remarks section. FilterCondition cannot contain a subquery.

You can use a SELECT statement containing a HAVING clause without including a GROUP BY clause if SELECTdoes not contain aggregate functions. The HAVING clause without a GROUP BY clause acts like the WHEREclause. If the HAVING clause contains no field functions, use the WHERE clause for faster performance.

The HAVING clause should appear before an INTO clause or a syntax error occurs.

[UNION [ALL] SELECTCommand]

Combines the final result for one SELECT statement with the final result of another SELECT statement. UNIONchecks the combined results and eliminates duplicate rows by default. To combine multiple UNION clauses, use parentheses. You can use the UNION clause to simulate an outer join.

ALL prevents UNION from eliminating duplicate rows from the combined results.

When one of the columns has Memo or General type, unions of differing column types should not be allowed.

In versions earlier than Visual FoxPro 8.0, you needed to perform explicit conversion when performing UNIONoperations between two fields of different types. Visual FoxPro now supports implicit data type conversion for data types that support it. For more details about implicit data type conversion and data type precedence, rules that UNION clauses follow, and other information, see Data Type Conversion and Precedence in the Remarks section.

ORDER BY Order_Item [ASC | DESC]

Sorts the query results based on the data in one or more columns. Each Order_Item must correspond to a column in the query results and can be one of the following:

• A field in a FROM table that is also a Select_Item in the main SELECT clause (not a subquery).
• A numeric expression indicating the location of the column in the result table. The leftmost column is number 1.

ASC specifies an ascending order for query results according to the order item or items and acts as the default for ORDER BY.

DESC specifies a descending order for query results.

Remarks

If no table is open when using the FROM clause, Visual FoxPro displays the Open dialog box so you can specify the file location. Once open, the table remains open once the query is complete.

When using the CURSOR clause in the Destination parameter, if you specify the name of an open table, Visual FoxPro generates an error message. After SELECT is executed, the temporary cursor remains open and is active and read-only unless you specify the READWRITE option. When you close this temporary cursor, it is deleted. Cursors can exist as a temporary file on the drive or volume specified by SORTWORK.

When using the CURSOR clause in the Destination parameter, you can now use NOFILTER to create a cursor that can be used in subsequent queries. In previous versions of Visual FoxPro, you needed to include an extra constant or expression as a filter. For example, adding a logical true as a filter expression created a query that could be used in subsequent queries:

SELECT *, .T. FROM customers INTO CURSOR myquery

However, including NOFILTER can reduce query performance because a temporary table is created on disk. The temporary table is deleted from disk when the cursor is closed.

When using the DBF | TABLE clause in the Destination parameter, if you specify a table that is already open, and SET SAFETY is set to OFF, Visual FoxPro overwrites the table without warning. If you do not specify an extension, Visual FoxPro gives the table a .dbf extension. The table remains open and active after SELECT is executed.

If you include the INTO and TO clauses in the same query, Visual FoxPro disregards the TO clause. If you include a TOclause but not an INTO clause, you can direct query results to an ASCII text file named FileName, to the printer, or to the main Visual FoxPro window.

The PREFERENCE clause saves the attributes, or preferences, indefinitely in the FoxUser.dbf resource file. Preferences can be retrieved at any time. Issuing SELECT with PREFERENCE PreferenceName for the first time creates the preference. Issuing SELECT later with the same preference name restores the Browse window to that preference state. When the Browse window is closed, the preference is updated. If you exit a Browse window by pressing CTRL+Q+W, changes you made to the Browse window are not saved to the resource file.

As an example of how you can use the NOWAIT clause, when you include the TO SCREEN clause to direct output to the main Visual FoxPro window or to a user-defined window, output pauses when the main Visual FoxPro window or user-defined window is full of query results. To see the next set of query results, press a key. If you include NOWAIT, the query results scroll off the main Visual FoxPro window or the user-defined window without pausing for a key press. Visual FoxPro disregards NOWAIT if it is included with the INTO clause.

Including the EVALUATE( ) function in the WHERE clause of an SQL query can return incorrect data.

If you include more than one table in a query, you should specify a join condition for every table after the first. Join conditions can include filter conditions.

Note   The maximum number of joins per SELECT statement is nine.

You must use the AND operator to connect multiple join conditions. Each join condition has the following form:

FieldName1 Comparison FieldName2

FieldName1 is the name of a field from one table, FieldName2 is the name of a field from another table, andComparison is one of the following operators:

Operator	Comparison
=	Equal
==	Exactly equal
LIKE	SQL LIKE
<>, !=, #	Not equal
>	More than
>=	More than or equal to
<	Less than
<=	Less than or equal to

When you use the = operator with strings, it acts differently depending on the setting of SET ANSI. When SET ANSI is set to OFF, Visual FoxPro compares strings only to the end of the shorter string. When SET ANSI is set to ON, Visual FoxPro follows ANSI standards for string comparisons. For additional information about how Visual FoxPro performs string comparisons, see SET ANSI and SET EXACT.

The following field functions are available for use with a select item that is a field or an expression involving a field:

• AVG(Select_Item), which averages a column of numeric data.
• COUNT(Select_Item), which counts the number of select items in a column. COUNT(*) counts the number of rows in the query output.
• MIN(Select_Item), which determines the smallest value of Select_Item in a column.
• MAX(Select_Item), which determines the largest value of Select_Item in a column.
• SUM(Select_Item), which totals a column of numeric data.

You cannot nest field functions.

UNION clauses follow these rules:

• You cannot use UNION to combine subqueries.
• Both SELECT commands must have the same number of columns in their query output.
• When two columns of different data types are involved in a UNION operation, the data type with the lower precedence is converted to the data type with the higher precedence. For more information, see "Data Type Conversion and Precedence" section in the Remarks section.
• Only the final SELECT statement can have an ORDER BY clause, which must refer to output columns by number. If an ORDER BY clause is included, it affects the entire result.

If you do not specify an order in the ORDER BY clause, query results appear in no order.

When you issue SET TALK ON and execute SELECT, Visual FoxPro displays the length of time the query took to execute and the number of records in the results. _TALLY contains the number of records in the query results.

SELECT does not respect the current filter condition specified with SET FILTER.

Note   A subquery, referred to in the following arguments, is a SELECT within a SELECT and must be enclosed in parentheses. You can have one subquery in the WHERE clause (see that section of the arguments). Subqueries can contain multiple join conditions.

When you create query output, columns are named according to the following rules:

• If Select_Item is a field with a unique name, the output column name is the field's name.
• If more than one Select_Item has the same name, an underscore and a letter are appended to the column name. For example, if a table called CUSTOMER has a field called STREET, and a table called EMPLOYEES has a field called STREET also, output columns are named Extension_A and Extension_B (STREET_A and STREET_B). For a select item with a 10-character name, the name is truncated to add the underscore and letter. For example, DEPARTMENT would become DEPARTME_A.
• If Select_Item is an expression, its output column is named EXP_A. Any other expressions are named EXP_B, EXP_C, and so on.
• If Select_Item contains a field function such as COUNT( ), the output column is named CNT_A. If another select item contains SUM( ), its output column is named SUM_B.

User-Defined Functions with SELECT   Although using user-defined functions in the SELECT clause has obvious benefits, you should also consider the following restrictions:

• The speed of operations performed with SELECT might be limited by the speed at which such user-defined functions are executed. High-volume manipulations involving user-defined functions may be better accomplished by using API and user-defined functions written in C or assembly language.
• You can assume nothing about the Visual FoxPro input/output (I/O) or table environment in user-defined functions invoked from SELECT. In general, you don't know which work area is selected, the name of the current table, or even the names of the fields being processed. The value of these variables depends on where precisely in the optimization process the user-defined function is invoked.
• It isn't safe to change the Visual FoxPro I/O or table environment in user-defined functions invoked fromSELECT. In general, the results are unpredictable.
• The only reliable way to pass values to user-defined functions invoked from SELECT is by the argument list passed to the function when it is invoked.
• If you experiment and discover a supposedly forbidden manipulation that works correctly in a certain version of FoxPro, there is no guarantee it will continue to work in later versions.

Apart from these restrictions, user-defined functions are acceptable in the SELECT clause. However, do not forget that using SELECT might slow performance. To learn how you can use SELECT with user-defined functions, see the Examples section.

Joins   Visual FoxPro supports ANSI SQL '92 Join syntax, allowing you to create queries that link the rows in two or more tables by comparing the values in specified fields. For example, an inner join selects rows from two tables only when the values of the joined fields are equal. Visual FoxPro supports nested joins.

Because SQL is based on mathematical set theory, each table can be represented as a circle. The ON clause that specifies the join conditions determines the point of overlap, which represents the set of rows that match. For an inner join, the overlap occurs within the interior or "inner" portion of the two circles. An outer join includes not only those matched rows found in the inner cross section of the tables, but also the rows in the outer part of the circle to the left, or right, of the intersection.

Note   Keep the following information in mind when creating join conditions:

• If you include two tables in a query and do not specify a join condition, every record in the first table is joined with every record in the second table as long as the filter conditions are met. Such a query can produce lengthy results.
• Be careful when using, in join conditions, functions such as DELETED( ), EOF( ), FOUND( ), RECCOUNT( ), andRECNO( ), which support an optional alias or work area. Including an alias or work area in these functions might yield unexpected results. SELECT doesn't use your work areas; it performs the equivalent ofUSE ... AGAIN. Single-table queries that use these functions without an optional alias or work area will return proper results. However, multiple-table queries that use these functions — even without an optional alias or work area — might return unexpected results.
• Use caution when joining tables that contain empty fields because Visual FoxPro matches empty fields. For example, suppose you perform a join on CUSTOMER.ZIP and INVOICE.ZIP. If CUSTOMER contains 100 empty zip codes, and INVOICE contains 400 empty zip codes, the query output contains 40,000 extra records resulting from the empty fields. To eliminate empty records from the query output, use the EMPTY( ) function.
• The limit to the number of joins that you can use per SELECT statement is nine.

For additional information about joins, see Join Conditions for Tables, Queries, and Views.

Data Type Conversion and Precedence   Explicit data type conversions require you to use Visual FoxPro conversion functions, such as CTOD( ), while implicit conversions do not require you to use conversion functions. Visual FoxPro supports implicit data type conversion for data types that support it. When Visual FoxPro combines two columns of different data types in a SELECT...UNION operation, the data type with the lower precedence is converted to the data type with the higher precedence. For field properties, NULL takes higher precedence over NOT NULL.

SQL Commands and Functions

ALTER TABLE - SQL Command

Modifies an existing table. You can modify the name, type, precision, scale, null value support, and referential integrity rules for each field in the table.

CREATE CURSOR - SQL Command

Creates a temporary table. Each field in the temporary table is defined with a name, type, precision, scale, null value support, and referential integrity rules. These definitions can be obtained from the command itself or from an array.

CREATE SQL VIEW Command

Displays the View Designer, allowing you to create an SQL view.

CREATE TABLE -SQL Command

Creates a table. Each new table field is defined with a name, type, precision, scale, null value support, and referential integrity rules. These definitions can be obtained from the command itself or from an array.

DELETE - SQL Command

Marks records in a table for deletion using SQL syntax.

INSERT - SQL Command

Appends a new record to the end of an existing table. The new record contains data listed in the INSERT command or from an array.

SELECT - SQL Command

Specifies the criteria on which a query is based and issues the query. Visual FoxPro interprets the query and retrieves the specified data from the table(s). The SELECT command is built into Visual FoxPro like any other Visual FoxPro command. You can create a SELECT command query in these areas:

• In the Command window.
• In a Visual FoxPro program (like any other Visual FoxPro command).
• In the Query Designer.

SQL Pass-Through Foundation Class

Makes it possible for you to execute stored procedures on a host database such as Microsoft SQL Server.

SQLCANCEL( ) Function

Requests cancellation of an executing SQL statement

SQLCOLUMNS( ) Function

Stores a list of column names and information about each column for the specified data source table to a Visual FoxPro cursor.

SQLCOMMIT( ) Function

Commits a transaction.

SQLCONNECT( ) Function

Establishes a connection to a data source.

SQLDISCONNECT( ) Function

Terminates a connection to a data source.

SQLEXEC( ) Function

Sends an SQL statement to the data source, where the statement is processed.

SQLGETPROP( ) Function

Returns current or default settings for an active connection.

SQLMORERESULTS( ) Function

Copies another result set to a Visual FoxPro cursor if more result sets are available.

SQLPREPARE( ) Function

Prepares an SQL statement for remote execution by SQLEXEC( ).

SQLROLLBACK( ) Function

Cancels any changes made during the current transaction.

SQLSETPROP( ) Function

Specifies settings for an active connection.

SQLSTRINGCONNECT( ) Function

Establishes a connection to a data source through a connection string.

SQLTABLES( ) Function

Stores the names of tables in a data source to a Visual FoxPro cursor.

UPDATE - SQL Command

Updates records in a table. The records can be updated based on the results of a SELECT - SQL statement.

VMware Virtualization Fundamentals – VMware Server and VMware ESXi

We are starting a new series of articles on VMware that will help you install, configure and maintain VMware environments.

In this first part of the VMware series, let us discuss the fundamental concepts of virtualization and review the VMware virtualization implementation options.

Following are few reasons why you might want to think about virtualization for your environment.

§  Run multiple operation systems on one server. For example, instead of having development-server and QA-server, you can run both development and QA on a single server.

§  You can have multiple flavours of OS on one server. For example, you can run 2 Linux OS, 1 Windows OS on a single server.

§  Multiple OS running on the server shares the hardware resources among them. For example, CPU, RAM, network devices are shared among development-server and QA-server running on the same hardware.

§  Allocate hardware resources to different applications based on the utilization. For example, if you have 8GB of RAM on the server, you can assign less RAM to one virtual machine (2GB to development-server) and more RAM (6GB to QA-server) to another virtual machine that is running on that server

§  High availability and business continuity. If VMware is implemented properly, you can migrate a virtual machine from one server to another server quickly without any downtime.

§  This reduces the operational cost and power consumption. For example, instead of buying and running two servers, you will be using only one server and run both development and QA on it.

On a high level, there are two ways for you to get started on the virtualization using VMware products. Both of these are available for free from VMware.

1. VMware Server

VMware Server runs on top of an existing host operating system (either Linux or Windows). This is a good option to get started, as you can use any of the existing hardware along with it’s OS. VMware server also support 64-bit host and guest operating system. You also get VMware Infrastructure web access management interface and Virtual Machine console.

2. VMware ESXi

VMware ESXi is based on the hypervisor architecture. VMware ESXi runs directly on the hardware without the need of any host operating system, which makes is extremely effective in terms of performance. This is the best option to implement VMware for production usage

Following are some of the key features of VMware ESXi:

§  Memory compression, over commitment and deduplication.

§  built-in high available with NIC teaming and HBA multipathing.

§  Intelligent CPU virtualization

§  Highly compatible with various servers hardware, storage and OS.

§  Advanced security with VMSafe, VMKernel protection and encryption.

§  Easy management using vsphere client, vCenter server and command line interface

Features

The Office 365 service consists of a number of products and services. All of Office 365's components can be managed and configured through an online portal; users can be added manually, imported from a CSV file, or Office 365 can be set up for single sign-onwith a local Active Directory using Active Directory Federation Services.

Hosted services

Business and enterprise-oriented plans for Office 365 offer access to cloud-hosted versions of Office's server platforms on a software as a service basis, including Exchange, Lync, SharePoint, and the browser-based Office Web Apps suite. Through SharePoint's OneDrive for Business functionality (formally known as SharePoint MySites and SkyDrive Pro, and distinct from the consumer-oriented OneDrive service), each user also receives 15 GB of online storage.

In lieu of Microsoft's enterprise software, the Home Premium plan for Office 365 instead includes "unlimited" OneDrive storage for each user, along with 60 minutes of phone calls per month on the Microsoft-owned Skype VoIP service.

Office applications

Some plans for Office 365 also include access to the current versions of the Office desktop applications for both Windows (Office 2013) and OS X (Office for Mac 2011) for the period of the subscription. In the case of Office 2013 on Windows, it is installed using a "Click-to-Run" system which allows users to begin using the applications almost instantaneously while files are streamed in the background. Updates to the software are installed automatically, covering both security updates and major new versions of Office. A feature known as "Office on Demand" is also available, which allows users to temporarily stream an Office 2013 application on any compatible computer without needing to fully install it.

Access to the Office Mobile apps for Android and iOS devices (including both smartphones and tablets) were originally limited to Office 365 subscribers but basic editing and document creation has since been made free for personal use. However, Office 365 is still required:

·         to use Office Mobile for business use

·         to unlock premium features within the apps

·         to enable editing features on large-screen tablets (screen size > 10.1")

Updates

The Office 365 platform uses a rolling release model; updates to the online components of the service are provided once per quarter. On launch, the 2010 versions of server components were used with Office 365. These services were automatically upgraded to their Office 2013 counterparts upon its release in February 2013. With the introduction of Office 2013, Office division head Kurt DelBene stated that minor and incremental updates to the Office desktop software would be provided on a similarly periodic basis to all Office 365 users by means of the streaming system, as opposed to the three-year cycle for major releases of Office that had been used to in the past.

Security

In December 2011, Microsoft announced that the Office 365 platform was now compliant with the ISO/IEC 27001 security standards, the European Union's Data Protection Directive (through the signing of model clauses), and the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act for health care environments in the United States. At the same time, Microsoft also unveiled a new "Trust Center" portal, containing further information on its privacy policies and security practices for the service. In May 2012, Microsoft announced that Office 365 was now compliant with the Federal Information Security Management Act: compliance with the act would now allow Office 365 to be used by U.S. government agencies.

In spite of claiming to comply with European data protection standards, and in spite of existing Safe Harbor agreements, Microsoft has admitted that it will not refrain from handing over data stored on its European servers to US authorities under the Patriot Act.

Plans

Office 365 is available in a number of different subscription plans aimed at different needs and market segments, providing different sets of features at different price points.These include:

·         Personal: Includes access to Word, Excel, PowerPoint, OneNote, Outlook, Publisher, and Access for home/non-commercial use on one computer (PC or Mac) plus access to premium features on one tablet or phone. Additional benefits include 1 TB of additionalOneDrive storage and 60 minutes of Skype international calls per month. A version of Personal purchased on a discounted four-year plan, known as Office 365 University, allowing use on two devices by one user, is available for those in post-secondary institutions.

·         Home (formerly Home Premium): Aimed at mainstream consumers and families; same as Personal, but for use on up to five devices by up to five users.

·         Business Essentials (formerly Small Business): Offers access to hosted Exchange, SharePoint, and Lync services only.

·         Business: Offers desktop apps for both Mac and PCs for up to five computers per user.

·         Business Premium (formerly Small Business Premium): A combination of Business Essentials and Business plans.

·         ProPlus: Offers access to the Office 2013 Professional Plus applications for up to 25 users on up to five devices per user.

·         Midsize Business: Aimed at businesses with 10-300 employees. Offered access to the Office 2013 applications from ProPlus, plus hosted Exchange, SharePoint, and Lync services. No longer available.

·         Enterprise: Intended for use in enterprise environments. Offers access to all Office applications, hosted Exchange, SharePoint, and Lync services, plus enterprise-specific legal compliance features and support.

With the announcement of Windows 8.1 Update on April 2, 2014, Microsoft removed Windows licensing fees on small tablets (with screen sizes of less than 9 inches), and allowed manufacturers to include a free subscription to Office 365 with new devices. This has significantly increased the distribution and affordability of the service, which in extreme cases, has allowed users to get Office 365 for less than its usual price.

On February 25, 2015, Microsoft announced that free subscriptions to Office 365 would be made available to students in eligible universities and colleges in close to 140 countries outside of the US. After signing up on the Office in Education website, students will have access to the latest versions of Office, Excel, PowerPoint, OneNote, Access and Publisher; be able to install them on up to five computers (Windows or Mac) and five phones or tablets; have access to Office Online; and have 1 TB of OneDrive storage.

Windows system key combinations

F1: Help

CTRL+ESC: Open Start menu

·         ALT+TAB: Switch between open programs

·         ALT+F4: Quit program

·         SHIFT+DELETE: Delete item permanently

·         Windows Logo+L: Lock the computer (without using CTRL+ALT+DELETE)

Windows program key combinations

·         CTRL+C: Copy

·         CTRL+X: Cut

·         CTRL+V: Paste

·         CTRL+Z: Undo

·         CTRL+B: Bold

·         CTRL+U: Underline

·         CTRL+I: Italic

Mouse click/keyboard modifier combinations for shell objects

·         SHIFT+right click: Displays a shortcut menu containing alternative commands

·         SHIFT+double click: Runs the alternate default command (the second item on the menu)

·         ALT+double click: Displays properties

·         SHIFT+DELETE: Deletes an item immediately without placing it in the Recycle Bin

General keyboard-only commands

·         F1: Starts Windows Help

·         F10: Activates menu bar options

·         SHIFT+F10 Opens a shortcut menu for the selected item (this is the same as right-clicking an object

·         CTRL+ESC: Opens the Start menu (use the ARROW keys to select an item)

·         CTRL+ESC or ESC: Selects the Start button (press TAB to select the taskbar, or press SHIFT+F10 for a context menu)

·         CTRL+SHIFT+ESC: Opens Windows Task Manager

·         ALT+DOWN ARROW: Opens a drop-down list box

·         ALT+TAB: Switch to another running program (hold down the ALT key and then press the TAB key to view the task-switching window)

·         SHIFT: Press and hold down the SHIFT key while you insert a CD-ROM to bypass the automatic-run feature

·         ALT+SPACE: Displays the main window's System menu (from the System menu, you can restore, move, resize, minimize, maximize, or close the window)

·         ALT+- (ALT+hyphen): Displays the Multiple Document Interface (MDI) child window's System menu (from the MDI child window'sSystem menu, you can restore, move, resize, minimize, maximize, or close the child window)

·         CTRL+TAB: Switch to the next child window of a Multiple Document Interface (MDI) program

·         ALT+underlined letter in menu: Opens the menu

·         ALT+F4: Closes the current window

·         CTRL+F4: Closes the current Multiple Document Interface (MDI) window

·         ALT+F6: Switch between multiple windows in the same program (for example, when the Notepad Find dialog box is displayed, ALT+F6 switches between the Find dialog box and the main Notepad window)

Shell objects and general folder/Windows Explorer shortcuts

For a selected object:

·         F2: Rename object

·         F3: Find all files

·         CTRL+X: Cut

·         CTRL+C: Copy

·         CTRL+V: Paste

·         SHIFT+DELETE: Delete selection immediately, without moving the item to the Recycle Bin

·         ALT+ENTER: Open the properties for the selected object

To copy a file

Press and hold down the CTRL key while you drag the file to another folder.

To create a shortcut

Press and hold down CTRL+SHIFT while you drag a file to the desktop or a folder.

General folder/shortcut control

·         F4: Selects the Go To A Different Folder box and moves down the entries in the box (if the toolbar is active in Windows Explorer)

·         F5: Refreshes the current window.

·         F6: Moves among panes in Windows Explorer

·         CTRL+G: Opens the Go To Folder tool (in Windows 95 Windows Explorer only)

·         CTRL+Z: Undo the last command

·         CTRL+A: Select all the items in the current window

·         BACKSPACE: Switch to the parent folder

·         SHIFT+click+Close button: For folders, close the current folder plus all parent folders

Windows Explorer tree control

·         Numeric Keypad *: Expands everything under the current selection

·         Numeric Keypad +: Expands the current selection

·         Numeric Keypad -: Collapses the current selection.

·         RIGHT ARROW: Expands the current selection if it is not expanded, otherwise goes to the first child

·         LEFT ARROW: Collapses the current selection if it is expanded, otherwise goes to the parent

Properties control

·         CTRL+TAB/CTRL+SHIFT+TAB: Move through the property tabs

Accessibility shortcuts

·         Press SHIFT five times: Toggles StickyKeys on and off

·         Press down and hold the right SHIFT key for eight seconds: Toggles FilterKeys on and off

·         Press down and hold the NUM LOCK key for five seconds: Toggles ToggleKeys on and off

·         Left ALT+left SHIFT+NUM LOCK: Toggles MouseKeys on and off

·         Left ALT+left SHIFT+PRINT SCREEN: Toggles high contrast on and off

Microsoft Natural Keyboard keys

·         Windows Logo: Start menu

·         Windows Logo+R: Run dialog box

·         Windows Logo+M: Minimize all

·         SHIFT+Windows Logo+M: Undo minimize all

·         Windows Logo+F1: Help

·         Windows Logo+E: Windows Explorer

·         Windows Logo+F: Find files or folders

·         Windows Logo+D: Minimizes all open windows and displays the desktop

·         CTRL+Windows Logo+F: Find computer

·         CTRL+Windows Logo+TAB: Moves focus from Start, to the Quick Launch toolbar, to the system tray (use RIGHT ARROW or LEFT ARROW to move focus to items on the Quick Launch toolbar and the system tray)

·         Windows Logo+TAB: Cycle through taskbar buttons

·         Windows Logo+Break: System Properties dialog box

·         Application key: Displays a shortcut menu for the selected item

Microsoft Natural Keyboard with IntelliType software installed

·         Windows Logo+L: Log off Windows

·         Windows Logo+P: Starts Print Manager

·         Windows Logo+C: Opens Control Panel

·         Windows Logo+V: Starts Clipboard

·         Windows Logo+K: Opens Keyboard Properties dialog box

·         Windows Logo+I: Opens Mouse Properties dialog box

·         Windows Logo+A: Starts Accessibility Options (if installed)

·         Windows Logo+SPACEBAR: Displays the list of Microsoft IntelliType shortcut keys

·         Windows Logo+S: Toggles CAPS LOCK on and off

Dialog box keyboard commands

·         TAB: Move to the next control in the dialog box

·         SHIFT+TAB: Move to the previous control in the dialog box

·         SPACEBAR: If the current control is a button, this clicks the button. If the current control is a check box, this toggles the check box. If the current control is an option, this selects the option.

·         ENTER: Equivalent to clicking the selected button (the button with the outline)

·         ESC: Equivalent to clicking the Cancel button

·         ALT+underlined letter in dialog box item: Move to the corresponding item